Everyone gets sick once in a while. It's expected. Therefore they have sick time at work. Therefore there are doctors and insurance companies. However here are a few basic things to make sure you be in general perfect health. You should wash your hands. Sadly enough, not enough people do this. Especially after taking the lavatory. Investigations have been shown and a shockingly low percentage of people wash their hands after using the lavatory or before meals.

I always say: Drink water. Water treat all sickness. Deprivation of water is the culprit of many common indisposition such as hair and even bloating. 8 cups of liquid is the minimum so make sure you're consuming at least that much. Think that fruits and vegetable juices count towards your daily scoop of hydrating beverages. Sport. Exercise does not have to mean hours on the treadmill sweating away to emaciation. Exercise can be as simple as walking across the parking lot to the grocery store or doing housework. That's right! Vacuuming burns calories intake! The more active in basic you are the more exercise youare getting. Consider getting a passometer. Passometer's have shown that people who wear pedometer's are more active than those who do not.

Now that the summer season is about to come, most probably, you are one of the many people out there searching for the advanced weight loss program that can help you shed the extra fat and lose the excess weight using the advanced weight loss program. There are actually several ways for the approach to the advanced weight loss but the key elements are consistency, execution and your diet as well. These three as I have mentioned build a triangular form from which they are very much related with each other for advanced weight loss. Without the other one, surely the other elements will crumble keeping you away from your advanced weight loss effects. So consider these three elements before you dive into the advanced weight loss training. There are actually many steps included in the advanced weight loss training but here are some of the most effective ways you can use and the most tolerable for most beginners.

• As an advanced weight loss exercise you can do the super set approach. The super set approach can be done by doing two exercises simultaneously with no rest in between. For example, if you do body weight squats first, after completing the 12 rep set, immediately proceed to the next advanced weight loss exercise with no rests in between exercises. You can just rest after performing the duo of exercises. The superset advanced weight loss approach torches the fats and helps you build cardio endurance as well.

• The circuit training of advanced weight loss. To pull this off, you must do five exercises with no rests in between exercises. You can approach each exercise with rep counts or by doing the exercises within a time limit. After doing so, proceed to the next and so on. This approach of advanced weight loss is considered to be the most effective means but also one of the hardest advanced weight loss training program.

*The bilateral approach to advanced weight loss. This can be quite easier than the rest. During your workouts, you can do the cardio exercises like jogging or jumping rope and after the cardio exercise, you can now go to the weight training program. You can also reverse the sequence of the said advanced weight loss approach.

These are some of the advance weight loss training approaches that will make you achieve a gladiator's body in no time for the summer season.

I am intrigued by how many people responded to my suggestion to stop criticizing your body and start critiquing our culture's devotion to thinness with anxiety that I was somehow (intentionally or not) promoting obesity. So let me be clear: refusing to participate in our culture's obsession with thinness doesn't mean abandoning the pursuit of good health. My suggestion is simply that practicing peace with your body — i.e., developing a more harmonious, kind, nurturing, accepting, and loving relationship towards it — is a more viable path to health than going to war with your flesh by getting caught up in weight-loss aspirations and fantasies of thinness. In fact, one of the best ways to practice peace with your body is to give it the exercise it needs.

Exercising in a way that promotes harmony, kindness, nurturance, and acceptance of your body may require a paradigm shift in the way you think about and pursue fitness. Studies suggest that the vast majority of women who work out do so with the primary aim of losing weight or maintaining their figure. In a society that idealizes the slender body, exercise has become virtually synonymous with burning calories. The problem is that this approach turns the pleasure of physical movement into a form of punishment. According to this mentality, you need to spend hours pounding the treadmill to “atone” for the “sin” of having eaten dessert. But the “sacrifice” of your sweat is worth it because of the feeling of “purity” it engenders.

The religious overtones of such a workout ethic are not coincidental. This weight-loss oriented approach to exercise is an integral part of our culture's widespread devotion to thinness. Advertisements for fitness programs or products encourage us to seek redemption by burning fat. “Health” magazines proffer 10-minute workouts that promise not only to “tone your body” but “lighten your spirit.” In short, this commercially-sponsored, exercise-to-lose weight paradigm reflects and embodies the quasi-religious, cultural myth that being thinner will somehow “save” you, that with every pound you lose, your problems will also disappear.

Unfortunately, this sacrificial-punitive approach is hardly enticing for those who would most benefit from more hearty physical exertion. Nor does it offer much wisdom or balance for those who are prone to working out excessively. And yet, this is the dominant way exercise is thought of and pursued in our image-obsessed culture: forget about how your body feels before, during, and/or after a workout; the crucial thing is how it looks — and this is especially true if you're female.

Advertisements for fitness products and programs contribute to the notion that the ultimate purpose of exercise is losing weight and being “attractive.” “Join Now! Shed Pounds! Look Great!” a commercial for a fitness center entices. Shamelessly, such rhetoric conflates physical fitness and appearance. Despite the reality that neither health nor beauty come in one shape or size, the message we get from popular culture is remarkably consistent: exercise>lose weight>be healthy>look good>feel better. Indeed, the ubiquity of this formula obscures other approaches to exercise, particularly those that do not put you at war with your body.

The subtle violence embedded in the exercise-for-weight-loss paradigm is captured in the metaphor of “burning.” Whether you are encouraged to burn calories or fat itself, such rhetoric tacitly fosters a antagonistic relationship with your body, as if your body were “the enemy.” Ironically, this very antagonism is at the root of many unhealthy eating and exercise habits.

Developing a more harmonious relationship with your body means learning to enjoy physical activity that gets your heart beating. This is where this paradigm shift comes in.

What if, instead of seeing exercise as a road to thinness, you focused your attention on the ways it makes you stronger, increases your energy, relieves stress, strengthens your mind/body connection, and thereby promotes your general well being?

When it is not tethered to the goal of weight loss, pursuing fitness can be a source of integration, pleasure, and healing — a way to practice peace with your body.

Exercising for energy, stress-reduction, and strength can take multiple forms. The key is to find activities you enjoy. If you're not inclined to working out at the gym, you might join an athletic team, practice tai chi, play tennis, or go golfing, hiking, dancing, or rollerblading. You need only observe the natural tendency of children to run, jump, skip, and play to understand your body's need to be physically active. This need does not disappear as we grow older and spend less time at the playground, and our spirits suffer if we ignore it. Whatever you do, let go of thoughts about burning calories. Simply take pleasure in the opportunity to move and be more present in your body.

Enjoying your body through exercise depends on knowing its limits. Exercise does not have to be overly taxing to be effective. Anything from mowing the grass to going for a walk can give you a way of processing distressing thoughts and difficult emotions. If you have a history of exercising excessively, your challenge is to pay attention to the physical cues your body gives you. Instead of adhering to rigid time or distance requirements you may have established for yourself, you can practice being flexible by slowing down and taking a break when you start to feel tired or achy. If you're worn out from running, for example, you might shorten the distance, slow your pace, or try walking instead. These are acts of kindness towards your body that can replace the punitive habit of pushing it beyond its limits. The point is to find forms of movement that harmonize with your actual physical needs, rather than adhere to some ideal or standard you have in your head.

While for some people exercise can be addicting, others find it nearly impossible to get moving. This is not because they are “weak-willed” or “lazy.” Exercise resistance is a complex problem and there are many reasons to feel unmotivated. Traumatic experiences that involved our bodies, including unwanted sexual experiences, can impair our connection to the energy that moves us. Many of us grew up with social or familial messages that reinforced an inactive lifestyle. Some of us who enjoyed playful activity when we were younger lost interest when it became focused on competition. Whatever your physical history, identifying the impact of such experiences is a vital part of re-inhabiting and enjoying your flesh.

Practicing peace with your body means finding a balance between the activity and the rest you need. In this paradigm, overall health — mental, physical, and even spiritual — replaces weight loss as the primary goal of exercise. Of course, this approach does not preclude the possibility of losing weight as a result of physical exertion; it simply doesn't make it the primary or ultimate goal.

When exercise is not motivated primarily by a drive for thinness, it can be a kind of spiritual practice. Think of the way that physical exertion changes your breathing. Is it any coincidence that, etymologically speaking, “breath” and “spirit” are connected? When we get the exercise we need, we breathe better, and our bodies/spirits are healthier because of it.

If it sounds strange to think of physical exercise having a spiritual dimension, this is only because the dualism of our modern mindset (i.e., since the time of Descartes) convinces us that our “bodies” and “minds” and “spirits” are unambiguously separate. But the simple fact that exercise — when done for the sake of pleasure, health, energy, stress-relief, and strength — makes you feel better is a testament to the deep and indivisible connection between these various aspects of ourselves.

Do you want to know whether you have gained or lost weight after a period of time? Then you should try out Weight Loss Tracker. This web tool helps you monitor your weight loss, body mass index (BMI), calories, and your exercise routine with its interactive calendar.

To start tracking your weight, sign up and fill out the necessary details such as height, start weight and goal weight, and the start date and goal date for it. Then click on a specific column to start entering data for that day. Include the treatments you have taken, the activities made and how long you have done it. You can also add journal entries with your photo and ticker. These entries can be private or available to the public. To view your historical data, simply move the slider on the top of your chart.

Weight Loss Tracker also has a social networking aspect where you can share your progress with your friends and comments on each other’s status.

Features:

• Tracks your weight loss or weight gain daily with an interactive calendar.
• Automatically charts your Body Mass Index (BMI).
• Keeps track of calories consumed or points associated with a weight loss program.
• Keeps an exercise log of when you exercised and the type of activity.
• Lets you share your progress with friends and family with a weight ticker that you can use on MySpace, Facebook, blogs, and other websites.
• Has a convenient iGoogle gadget option.
• Similar Tools: CaloriesPerHour, Ideal Body Weight Calculator, WeightMirror. and also see related article “6 Great Free Weight Loss Resource Sites“.

Check out Weight-Tracker @  www.medhelp.org/land/track-weight-loss

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Amoxil is an antibiotic in the same class of drugs as penicillin's. The generic name is Amoxicillin. It fights bacteria in our body and is used to treat many different kinds of infections such as; ear infections, pneumonia, tonsillitis, gonorrhea, infections of the skin and much more.

If you have ever had a reaction to any other kinds of penicillin remember to discuss this with your doctor before you take Amoxil. If you have stomach, intestinal or kidney disease you might not be able to take Amoxil. You need to discuss this with your doctor so he can decide if you need a dosage adjustment, special monitoring or if you should not take it at all.

Amoxil is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Amoxil is considered to be safe for use during pregnancy. However, do not take Amoxil without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. Do not take Amoxil without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Even though serious problems have not been reported, very rarely, Amoxil can cause a yeast infection, diarrhea, or an allergic reaction in a nursing infant because Amoxil passes into breast milk.

Be sure to take Amoxil exactly as directed by your doctor. Amoxil should be taken at evenly spaced intervals throughout the day and night to keep the level in the blood high enough to treat the infection. Seek immediate medical attention if an overdose is suspected. The Symptoms of an Amoxil overdose may include pain or twitching, muscle spasms or weakness, pain in the fingers or toes, seizures, loss of feeling in the fingers or toes, or coma.

The possible side effects of Amoxil are severe or bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps during treatment, white patches on the tongue. Make sure to speak to your doctor about any side effects that seems unusual or that are especially bothersome to you.

Amoxil like all medicines is meant to make us well but this can only happen if we follow the directions we are given. Never abuse any kind of medicine; even antibiotics can cause serious health problems if they are not taken the correct way. If you have any questions always ask your doctor or pharmacist.

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The thyroid gland is a gland that stores and makes essential hormones; helps regulate blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and the chemical reaction (metabolism) in the body. The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck; it is the biggest gland in the neck, and is located below the skin and muscle layers. The thyroid gland takes the shape of a butterfly, with the wings taking shape from the left and right thyroid lobes, which then wraps around the trachea. The thyroid makes thyroid hormones, which affects most tissue in the body. This hormone increases cellular activity and helps regulate the body's metabolism.

The longer it takes you to get diagnosed with hypothyroidism; you will actually put on more weight. With hypothyroidism your metabolism slows down. This means you will not be able to burn calories, making it even harder for you to lose weight. Some women are fighting obesity and no matter what diet they choose, they can never seem to shed the extra pounds. Hypothyroidism can also make you tire easy and make your body feel achy, which then makes it impossible to exercise; therefore, reducing your metabolism. Thyroid patients need to exercise to be able to reduce insulin levels, and make it easier to burn calories and fat. Exercising also raises a resting metabolism. If you are diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and you are treated for it, you will notice when dieting, you will be able to shed those extra pounds. Treatment for hypothyroidism is T3 (Cytomel); T3 is shorter-acting and needs to be taken multiple times a day. A majority of hypothyroidism physicians treat their patients with T4 (Levoxyl, Synthroid). This treatment requires a once a day dosage and is a more stable form of thyroid hormone.

Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive thyroid gland, which makes the thyroid gland produce an excessive amount of thyroid hormones, which circulate in the blood. Hyperthyroidism goes undetected in millions of people each year. Technology now is using blood test for detection of thyroid disease. This blood test misses 15% of patients who should have been diagnosed with thyroid disease. Doctors are now trying a technology to better detect thyroid disease; this new approach is more accurate than the blood test being done. This new technology is called NiTek. With NiTek doctors can test the muscles and see how they react. A slow reacting muscle can be due to thyroid disease. Most do not know about this technology being used, as it is still in the development and testing stages. It is best to call your doctor, and ask questions concerning this technology and see if you would make a candidate in order to test this new technology.

Thyroid disease has many symptoms, which include: Sleep apnea, hair loss, weight gain or difficulty losing weight, chronic fatigue and weakness, insomnia, intolerance to cold, mainly in the hands and feet, depression and irritability, decrease in sex drive, constipation, abnormal menstrual cycle, muscle cramps, memory loss, and dry and rough skin. Trying to lose weight with an under active thyroid is next to impossible.

If you are someone who has a majority of these symptoms, you need to see your doctor and ask to be tested for thyroid disease. I would also suggest you ask about NiTek which is a more accurate way of testing for thyroid disease instead of the unreliable means of a blood test.

The old adage that “breakfast is the most important meal of the day” has been passed down from moms for generations. The current research has explored the implication that diet has an impact on mood, behavior, and academic performance in young people. Daily diet requirements are a necessity in every person's life and subsequently the government has taken a stand as to what is a properly balanced diet. The dietary requirements have been recently updated by the government to a more user friendly system.

Why would the government feel it necessary to overhaul the food pyramid? Is it because the old system was antiquated and substandard? No, it had to be changed because it no longer held any relevance to the modern-day young person. The new user friendly pyramid comes complete with a brand new website located at http://mypramid.gov.

Here health conscious individuals both young and old can find a wealth of health related information (MyPyramid website, n.d.). Visitors can look up dietary guidelines, steps to losing weight, tips and resources, and even a tracker that maps out your current physical activity and diet (MyPyramid website, n.d.).

The next question then beckons an explanation was why the food pyramid was no longer relevant? It is because today's youth are bombarded by a litany of fast food advertising and readily accessible unhealthy food sources that the old food pyramid had become defunct and pointless to today's young people. Sadly glaring examples of this new food choice decision making process can be seen by the explosion of youth obesity in American society that has currently taking place. As well, the rise in juvenile diabetes and adult diabetes is another example of the lack of interest in eating a balanced diet, eating a diet of convenience instead.

In Texas, which incidentally is the largest state in the union, for example, one researcher pointed out that 42% of fourth graders, 39% of eight graders, and 36% of eleventh grades were overweight (Combs, 2007). In the face of these results the future does not look bright for these children because research has also unmistakably shown that 70% of children who were presently overweight will grow into overweight, and inevitably in due course, to obese adults (2007). Subsequently new ways of making food choices had to be developed to incorporate and in some instances to combat today's fast paced on-the-go lifestyle that has become the norm of American society. The current American lifestyle has imposed a variety of forces that influence mood, behavior, and the academic performance of young people.

Some of these factors included everything from economic status, social status, parental influence, and mass media influence. So what roles have these and other factors played in the dietary choices of young adults?

For example, starting with a factor such as economic status, research has shown a direct impact on the food choices made by young persons. Research once again has demonstrated that even though economic status may not directly impact overall health in a particular class of individuals; it is, however, an excellent indicator to which direction, positive or negative, the overall health of that class will ultimately proceed (Wilkinson, 2006).

The enormous majority of research, of which approximately 78%, has shown statistical support for the effects of economic position on that examined population's health (2006). An example of this can be seen by looking at tight family budgets, which make the dollar menu at popular fast food chains a culinary favorite of young people. A popular dollar menu item includes the double cheeseburger found at many fast food establishments. How many calories are being consumed from this one dietary decision?

A double cheeseburger from McDonald's® contains 440 calories, 23g of fat, and 1150mg of sodium (McDonald's® USA website, 2008). An order of small French fries contains 13g of total fat, 140 mg of sodium, and 250 calories (2008). Now add a soft drink, such as a medium Coca-Cola®, and another 15mg of sodium and an additional 210 calories are added to the meal (2008). In summary a meal containing one double cheeseburger, a small order of French fries, and a medium Coca-Cola® totaled a staggering 900 calories, 1305mg of sodium, and 36g of fat. Sadly diets filled with fast-food choices and an absence of healthy food alternatives may have become the norm for young people. These diets are excessively high in sodium and saturated fats, and absent of any real vegetable or fruit content. These typical menu items make it hard to make good dietary decisions while making economical choices. Where does this lead the current investigation?

The current investigation proceeded along a line of scrutiny based on a specific question that arose from a review of the literature: how does a diet filled with fat and sodium effect the overall mental and physical well-being of young individuals? One recent study concluded that school-aged children were being deprived of nutrients, such as calcium for example, that were important to normal body functioning (Ballew et al., 2000; Harnack et al., 1999; as reported by Kassem and Lee, 2004).

This paper looks at three major areas of mental well-being: mood, behavior, and academic performance. Each topic has a dedicated section that reviewed the current available research from a variety of sources. Each section also pointed out key factors of dietary influence on the topic. A discussion section follows as well as a section dedicated to potential future research topics and potential uses for current research results.

This is an important issue because of the current state of affairs of the young people in American society. With obesity and diabetes rates increasing at an alarming pace in American youth; the future looks dim if our children cannot make it into adulthood healthy. It seems that the days of eating well balanced meals are fast becoming a thing of the past. The basic nutritional foundation that children and young adults need to be exposed to is being left up to fast food chains and an appealing array of spokespeople with much more influence than parents.

A group of researchers reported lifetime prevalence rates of 8.6% for major depressive episodes, 7.7% for major depressive episode with severity, 6.2% for dyshtymia, 3.4% for major depressive episodes with dysthymia, any bipolar disorders showed a rate of 1.6%, and finally a rate of 11.5% for any mood disorder (Jonas, Brody, Roper, and Narrow, 2003). As a result, this paper confronted some of the major dietary concerns facing young people and provided potential solutions to alleviate the problems that arise for constant poor dietary choices.

Human beings daily functionality is predicated on food consumption. The quality of food taken in impacts our daily activities, attitudes, and endeavors. Print, media, and visual advertisements are filled with food choices that “start your day” all the way to “comfort foods”. Comfort foods have been broken down into four distinct categories: 1) nostalgic foods, 2) indulgence foods, 3) convenience foods, and 4) physical comfort foods (Locher, Yoels, Maurer, and Van Ells, 2005). “Comfort eating” has been investigated by researchers looking to determine if mood impact when and what to eat or vice versa. Christensen and Brooks (2006) hypothesized that particular events, distressing or non-distressing, would predict an individual's belief as to a food choice after experiencing the condition. To test their hypothesis, 34 men and 64 women with mean ages 21.44 and 20.56 respectively, were asked to review and rate either a happy or sad vignette on a scale of 1 to 10 (2006).

Next a food questionnaire was given to the participants after viewing the vignettes to determine how likely they were to consume something (2006). Also what they were likely to consume (for example ice cream, candy, sodas, bread, meat, milk, cheese) was asked as well (2006). The food category choices were broken into sweets, carbohydrate- and fat rich non sweet items, and carbohydrate-rich protein-rich items (2006). The investigation found supporting evidence that depicted that male and females respond differently to distressing events with females employing a food-craving strategy to deal with distressing events (2006). This is a key finding because it clearly shows that women more so than many respond to negative mood events by consuming ore empty calories. Negative mood states were considered to involve conditions such as depression.

The causes of depression are quite varied. One line of investigating has been exploring micronutrient deficiencies as a possible cause of depression. Cathy Levenson (2006) reported that the last several decades have seen a multitude of research studies implicating a zinc deficiency and depression. Unfortunately current research has been able to show a clear link between low levels of serum zinc and depression; however, have not been able to show a direct causal effect (2006). Many studies have shown a link between childhood obesity and anxiety and/or depression. One such study indicated that binge eating episodes could be positively linked to anxiety and depression levels (Isnard, Michel, Frelut, Vila, Falissard, Naja, Navarro, and Mouren-Simeoni, 2003). That is the higher the anxiety or depression level, the more sever the binge eating became (2003).

The Isnard et al. research project sampled 102 obese adolescent boys and girls ages 12 to 17 and assessed them with a variety of measures that included the Binge Eating Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Body-Esteem portion of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (2003). This study also confirmed evidence that supported previous findings which concluded that statistically speaking childhood obesity continued into adulthood (2003). The Keel et al. research study included a sample population of 672 female twins ranging in ages of 16 to 18 years old drawn from the Minnesota Twin Family Study (2005).

The researchers assessed the sample population for two specific eating disorders which were bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa (2005). The group also assessed the population for mood, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders (2005). Data for this particular study was gathered through face to face interviews by trained clinicians (2005). The researchers found that of the sample population, 3.9% or 26 twin pairs met the measures for anorexia nervosa and 1.8% or 12 twin pairs fulfilled the measures for bulimia nervosa (2005). Out of this possible relationship between mood and eating disorders, research naturally followed that investigated the mood (specifically depression and anxiety) portion of the link.

Taking a deeper look into the link between depression and anxiety disorders and eating disorders, it was concluded that there was a shared transmission of the disorders (Keel, Klump, Miller, McGue, and Iacono, 2005). This indicated not a causal effect but rather reversal effect, where an eating disorder can result in depression or anxiety as well as depression or anxiety leading to the development of an eating disorder. The question being investigated here is what is the science behind food's impact on mood in young adults, is it strictly a medical issue or are their other outside factors involved as well?

In one study with a medical focus, it was reported that a malfunctioning thyroid had been linked to depressive symptoms in both young men and women (Forman-Hoffman and Philibert, 2006). The researchers investigated a potential link between thyroid function and depression by reviewing data gathered through the third installment of the NHANES III or National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2006). The original study entailed investigating the link between hyperthyroidism and depression (2006). The current study concluded supporting evidence that pointed to a link between low TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levels and acute depressive syndrome (2006). Other medically based research has delved into the role of other essential body nutrients.

Over the years there has been an overwhelming volume of evidence supporting the important role that the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids play in certain developmental and psychological disorders such as depression, autism, and bipolar disorder (Richardson, 2003). This particular study reported that omega-3 HUFA, which stands for highly unsaturated fatty acids, had provided results that showed a reduction in dyslexia learning difficulties (2003). It was also reported that 20% of school-aged children suffered from dyslexia, autism, and dyspraxia collectively (2003). Richardson (2003) concluded that the omega-3 EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) was important in arbitrating mood, behavior, and cognition improvements in dyslexia, and dyspraxia. The use of pure EPA was shown to greatly reduce the symptoms of depression and schizophrenia (2003). Another apparent characteristic of EPA was its positive support of brain functioning (2003). The fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 are important to brain function because they can only be obtained from digested food sources; meaning that the body does not synthesize these particular fatty acids (2003). Omega-3 and Omega-6 comprise 15 to 20% of the neuronal membranes and 30% of the retina (2003). Furthermore, omega-6 is essential to the growth of the brain and even minor deficiencies were linked to low birth weight and smaller circumferences of the head (2003).

As a result, many more health practitioners are looking into dietary support as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for several mood disorders including depression both major and mild. In fact one study pointed out that omega-3 fatty acids were successful in relieving depressive symptoms by being coupled with mainstream anti-depressant medication (Sutherland, Sutherland, and Hoehns, 2003). These findings are in addition to Richardson (2003) conclusions that EPA was effective in improving mood, behavior, and cognition. Dealing specifically with depression has become a major daily activity for health practitioners because 3% of the American population lives with chronic depression, approximately (Keller, McCullough, Klein et al, 2000; as reported by Sutherland, Sutherland, and Hoehns, 2003) 17% of the population has had a major depressive episode sometime during their lifetime (Cohen, 1997; as reported by Sutherland, Sutherland, and Hoehns, 2003), and twice as many women than men experience depression (Bhatia and Bhatia, 1999; as reported by Sutherland, Sutherland, and Hoehns, 2003). Being that depression is so wide spread and affects may aspects of an individual's life, naturally it follows that a disruption in academic performance would follow.

Millions of children and young persons across America spend the better part of their day at academic institutions and as a result must consume at least one meal while in school. Many students will consume two meals, breakfast and lunch, offered by the school. With the obesity rates in children tripling over the past few decades, schools have taken a hard look at the nutritional choices they were providing to their charges (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2005; as reported by Parsad, and Lewis, 2006). Breakfast has long been considered the most important meal of the day. Thousands of children across America sit down each morning and eat before heading off to school. However, does what young people eat impact their performance in school? A study investigating whether or not the habitual eating of breakfast had any effect on school performance found evidence that suggested that breakfast did in fact increase school performance in certain areas (Lopéz-Sobaler, Ortega, Quintas, Navia, and Requejo, 2003). Lopéz-Sobaler et al. accomplished this by coordinating a study population of 180 school-aged children 9 to 13 years old (2003). The use of the SAT-1 test was used to determine the scholastic effects of habitual breakfast (2003). The dietary choices were seemingly being made more often than not by children and not parents.

Kassem and Lee (2004) surveyed 564 male students ranging in ages from 13 to 18 years old and reported that nearly 97% of the participants admitted soda drinking with just over 60% responding that they drink two or more sodas per day. The energy needed to make it through the academic day was simply not available when an improperly balanced diet was consumed. Cullen, Watson, and Zakeri (2008) conducted a review of the Texas nutrition policy for public schools implemented in three middle schools during 2001 through 2006. Cullen and her colleagues reported an increase in the consumption of milk, vegetables, along with other healthy nutrient sources in addition to a decrease in the consumption of snacks and sodas (2008). In another study conducted with students from the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), it was conclude that comprehensive nutrition policies implemented with the LAUSD did decrease the consumption of negative dietary choices such as sodas and candies; however, these choices resumed outside of school grounds (Vecchiarelli, Takayangi, and Neumann, 2006). Another interesting finding with respect to energy production in children, it was found that by constantly changing up dietary choices, energy intake in children increased (Temple, Giacomelli, Roemmich, and Epstein, 2008). In the classroom results are what counts and sound academic performance revolves around sound brain functioning.

Our knowledge of brain functioning has lead us to recognize the importance of such micronutrients like iron and vitamin B-12 (Malone, 2005). For the brain to function properly it needs energy and that energy comes in the form of glucose. David Benton and Samantha Nabb (2003) noted that there was a growing body of research evidence providing support to the idea that both mood and memory are affected by glucose, especially when more extreme metabolic burdens were placed on the brain, such as final exams in school. The researchers further concluded that different glycemic diets can influence brain functioning (2003). One key studied on the topic of school performance and nutrition cited that school-aged children that were deficient in iron experienced difficulties in academic performance; additionally a child's ability to learn effectively was compromised by food insufficiency (Taras, 2005). To this end, Oaten and Cheng offered interesting results after their research study.

The Oaten/Cheng study concluded that by instituting and practicing a self-control program, college-aged students could effectively reduce their consumption of caffeine, cigarettes, and alcohol while increasing healthy eating habits, performing household chores, emotional control, commitment attendance, and even improved study habits and spending control (2006). Forty-five undergraduate students with a mean age of 23 participated in the study (2006). The participants were then randomly assigned to one of two cohorts (2006). A variety of personal measures were considered including chemical consumption, dietary habits, physical activity, and general regulatory behavior (2006). Assessment techniques included study diaries, behavioral self-reports, and study registers (2006).

Even though food is plentiful in the United States, there are still millions of families that do not have access to a steady supply of nutritious meals. In recent years the number of families facing food hardships had steadily increased from 14.8 percent in 1999 to 16.5 percent in 2002 (Nord, Andrews, and Carlson, 2003). Numerous research studies have investigated the 1996 welfare reforms and their impact on food access and behavioral issues in young people. One such study concluded that food hardship, or instable access to food was positively linked to external and internal behavioral problems in children and also practitioners should look into the possibility of food hardship when diagnosing behavioral issues in children (Slack and Yoo, 2005). As reported by Slack and Yoo, a total of 2646 families were interviewed in 2 waves by the Illinois Family Study project (2005). For this study, the initial data selected came from families that were randomly selected from families that received Temporary Assistance for Needy Families in Illinois during 1998 (2005).

The families that participated were interviewed within their home and compensated $30 for their participation (2005). The researchers of this study hypothesized that children experiencing food hardships would experience internal physiological responses such as anxiety and irritability as well affecting the parent-child relationship (2005). To accomplish this task, the researchers employed the use of the Social Skills Rating System Parent Form (SSRS) developed by Gresham and Elliott in 1990 (2005). Colleagues Slack and Yoo then interviewed 942 families that had children within the age range of 3 to 12 years old (2005). Interviews with the family consisted of the use of the externalized behaviors subscale that contained six items. The interview contained items such as: 1) “child has temper tantrums, 2) “child fights with others”, 3) “child gets angry easily” (2005). Then the researchers asked questions of the families using an internalizing problem behavior subscale. Items on this subscale contained examples such as: 1) “child shows anxiety about being with a group of children”, 2) “child acts sad or depressed”, and 3) “child appears lonely” (2005).

The results of this study concluded that behavioral problems were associated with food hardship or instability (Slack and Yoo, 2005). Furthermore, as reported by Slack and Yoo (2005), fellow researcher Lori Reid reported in 2002 a positive link between the greater extent and length of food insufficiency and behavioral problems in children. Another serious behavioral issue that afflicts many school-aged children is Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that approximately 4.4 million school-aged children, 4 to 17 years old, were diagnosed with ADHD (CDC website, 2005). Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder has been defined as excessive motor activity, impulsive behavior, anxiety, distractibility, inattentiveness, and problems with delaying gratification (Barkley, 1981; Kanarek & Marks-Kaufam, 1991; as reported by Schnoll, Burshteyn, & Cea-Aravens, 2003). The past 30 years have seen a wealth of research conducted on ADHD with the consensus being that ADHD is a complex dilemma with a varied etiology and can be studied as a function of numerous relations (2003). Sinha and Efron (2005) concluded that many families that have children suffering from ADHD have turned to incorporating complementary and alternative treatment options along with traditional approaches to treating ADHD. Of the 75 participating families, 67.6% responded that they had used a CAM at some point (2005).

Twenty-three different types of therapies were reported to have been used by the families with the most tried being diet modification, followed by the introduction of vitamins and minerals, and dietary supplements (2005). With respect to ADHD many food sources have been linked to the disorder. Food sources such as fatty acid deficiencies, additives, food sensitivities and allergies, and refined sugars have all been linked to ADHD (Schnoll, Burshteyn, and Cea-Aravens, 2003). The most current research designs were looking into the essential fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 (2003). These fatty acids are considered critical to the formation of certain hormones and ultimately body functioning (2003). This is important because research with children with ADHD has demonstrated that these children have trouble metabolizing fatty acids (2003). The newest research has found links between particular food components that may contribute to hyperactive behavior in children that are sensitive to those food components (2003). Here again it is evident that a child's diet may severely affect their behavior in a negative fashion. Schnoll and her research colleagues firmly supported the idea that nutritional modification does and should play a key role in the treatment of ADHD (2003). Yet, the effectiveness of complementary and/or alternative treatments to behavioral problems such as ADHD is not concrete.

An article written by Eileen Cormier and Jennifer Harrison Elder (2007) reviewed many of the current complementary and alternative treatments as well as dietary restrictions and treatments. After their review of the literature, the researchers concluded that there was little if any evidence to support the effectiveness of restricted diets on controlling disorders such as autism and ADHD (2007).

Moving on to another behavioral issue that confronts young individuals is binge eating and associated disorders.

Although there has been very little scientific evidence to support this theory, media examples and popular culture have accepted for years the idea that the risk of bulimia nervosa is increased by dieting (Stice, Presnell, Groesz, and Shaw, 2005). Stice et al. examined weight maintenance diet effects on bulimic symptoms on 188 adolescent girls that participated in the experiment (2005). Contrary to the dietary restraint theory, Stice and her colleagues found evidence that supported the theory that bulimic symptoms were restricted by dietary restrictions (2005).

The constant search for a stable and reliable food supply is as old as man is himself. Without a constant stream of nutrients human beings ultimately will die. However the recent explosion of obesity rates in all age cohorts suggests that a lack of nutrients is not a concern. As stated earlier, Texas, which is the largest state in the union, reported that 42 percent of fourth graders, 39 percent of eight graders, and 36 percent of eleventh grades within its borders were overweight (Combs, 2007). The future does not look much better for these children because supplemental research has unquestionably revealed that 70% of overweight children will develop into overweight, and in due course, obese adults (2007). Even on a smaller scale, a simple lacking of certain nutrients can cause unwanted imbalances in the human species.

A glaring example was reported after recent study, which concluded that school-aged children are being deprived of critical nutrients, such as calcium, important to normal body functioning (Ballew et al., 2000; Harnack et al., 1999; as reported by Kassem and Lee, 2004). These imbalances in nutritional requirements can cause a host of issues in the young person. Issues ranging from something as common as hunger pangs to even more serious conditions such as mood and behavioral disorders can affect the human condition when vital nutrients are lacking or absent in young persons; the daily functioning and condition of young people, especially, is affected profoundly when access to vital nutrients are unstable and unreliable. Unfortunately, many diagnosis and/or treatment options rarely take the impact that nutrition has on developmental and psychiatric disorders into consideration (Richardson, 2003).

Dietary factors impact three very important areas of a young person's daily life: mood, behavior, and academic performance. Isnard, Michel, Frelut, Vila, Falissard, Naja, Navarro, and Mouren-Simeoni (2003) indicated a link between depression and anxiety and eating disorders. Keel, Klump, Miller, McGue, and Iacono (2005) supported these conclusions with results from their own study which demonstrated a shared transmission between eating disorders and anxiety and depression. Other mood disruptions included bipolar disorders and autism (Richardson, 2003).

With respect to autism and bipolar disorders, Richardson concluded that the lack of certain fatty acids, specifically omega-3 and omega-6, may be a cause in the occurrence of these conditions in young people (2003). A deficiency in these to fatty acids has also been implicated in the development of dyslexia, dyspraxia, schizophrenia, and other cognitive disorders (2003). However, mood is not the only part of the human existence that is affected by dietary consumption. Behavior as well can be altered either positively or negatively by one's diet.

Colleagues and fellow researchers, Slack and Yoo, concluded that family food hardship, which is an unstable or unreliable access to food, was positively linked to external and internal behavioral problems (2005). Earlier researcher Lori Reid (2002) provided positive support for a link between food insufficiency and behavioral problems in children. Another serious behavioral issue that children are afflicted with is Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD.

It is currently estimated that nearly 4.4 million children living in the United States have been diagnosed with ADHD (CDC website, 2005). A variety of food sources such as fatty acid deficiencies, additives, food sensitivities and allergies, and refined sugars have all been linked to ADHD (Schnoll, Burshteyn, and Cea-Aravens, 2003). Once again, the essential fatty acids of omega-3 and omega-6 have been under intense investigation for their ability to alleviate the symptoms of ADHD (2003). ADHD does not only affect a child's behavior but affects that child performance in school as well.

A link has been shown between dietary influences on academic performance.

Lopéz-Sobaler, Ortega, Quintas, Navia, and Requejo found evidence that put forward that breakfast did in fact boost school performance in certain areas as tested by the SAT-1 (2003). With a more specific based research study along this same line, David Benton and Samantha Nabb (2003) noted that there was a growing body of research evidence that provided support that both mood and memory were affected by the molecule glucose. Another key mineral to body functioning, iron, has been investigated as well. It was deduced that a deficiency in iron cause children to experience difficulties in academic performance (Taras, 2005). Taras also reported that food insufficiencies were also linked to learning difficulties (2005).

In conclusion many factors contribute to the daily function of young people. Diet and dietary choices provide the foundation for all body functioning. Clearly the types of nutrients that one puts into their body have a profound effect on moods, behaviors, and even academic performance. A well balanced healthy diet will go a long way to improving body functioning on both the physiological and psychological front. Young people not only need to have healthy dietary options provided to them but the information and education on how to make healthy choices as well. Providing this information and education is key to turning around the alarming obesity trend facing young people today.

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Christensen, L. and Brooks, A. (2006). Changing food preference as a function of mood.

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Combs, S. (2007). The Texas story. Window on State Government. Retrieved on

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Cormier, E. and Elder,J.H. (2007). Diet and child behavior problems: Fact of fiction?

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Cullen, K.W., Watson, K., & Zakeri, I. (2008). Improvements in middle school student

dietary intake after implementation of the Texas public school nutrition policy. American Journal of Public Health, 98(1), 111-117. Retrieved on January 9, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

Forman-Hoffman, V. and Philibert, R.A. (2006). Lower TSH and higher T4 levels are

associated with current depressive syndrome in young adults. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 114(2), 132-139. Retrieved on January 15, 2008 from Academic Search Premier database.

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with an eating disorder: The impact on the carers. Eating Disorders, 13(4), 327-344. Retrieved on January 15, 2008 from Academic Search Premier database.

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Mouren-Simeoni, M. (2003). Binge eating and psychopathology in severly obese adolescents. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 34(2), 235-243. Retrieved on January 15, 2008 from Academic Search Premier database.

Jonas, B.S., Brody, D., Roper, M., & Narrow, W.E. (2003). Prevalence of mood disorders

in a national sample of young America adults. Social Psychiatry Epidemiol, 38, 618-624. Retrieved on January 15, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

Kassem, N.O. and Lee, J.W. (2004). Understanding soft drink consumption among male

adolescents using the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 27(3), 273-296. Retrieved on January 11, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

Keel, P.K., Klump, K.L., Miller, K.B., McGue, M., & Iacono, W.G. (2005). Shared

transmission of eating disorders and anxiety disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 38(2), 99-105. Retrieved on January 15, 2008 from Academic Search Premier database.

Levenson, C.W. (2006). Zinc: The new antidepressant? Nutrition Reviews, 64(1), 39-42.

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Locher, J.L., Yoels, W.C., Maurer, D., & Van Ells, J. (2005). Comfort foods: An

exploratory journey into the social and emotional significance of food. Food & Foodways: History & Culture of Human Nourishment, 13(4), 273-297. Retrieved on February1, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

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Relationship between habitual breakfast and intellectual performance (logical reasoning) in well-nourished schoolchildren of Madrid (Spain). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57(9), 49-54. Retrieved on January 22, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

Malone, S.K. (2005). Improving the quality of student's dietary intake in the school

setting. The Journal of School Nursing, 21(2), 70-76. Retrieved on February 10, 2008, from PsycINFO database.

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January 9, 2008, from http://app.mcdonalds.com/bagamcmeal?process=item&itemID=10009.

Nord, M., Andrews, M., & Carlson, S. (2003). Household food security in the United

States: 2002. Food Assistance and Nutrition Research, 35. Washington D.C.. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Services.

Oaten, M. and Cheng, K. (2006). Improved self-control: The benefit of a regular program

of academic study. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 28(1), 1-16. Retrieved on January 14, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

Parsad, B. and Lewis, L. (2006). Calories in, calories out: Food and exercise in public

elementary schools, 2005. E.D. TAB. NCES 2006-057. NationalCenter for Education Statistics, p. 111. Retrieved on February 4, 2008, from ERIC database.

Richardson, A.J. (2003). The importance of omega-3 fatty acids for behaviour, cognition,

and mood. Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition, 47(2), 92-98. Retrieved on January 15, 2008 from Academic Search Premier database.

Schnoll, R., Burshteyn, D., & Cea-Aravena, J. (2003). Nutrition in the treatment of

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A neglect but important aspect. Applied Psychophysilogy and Biofeedback, 28(1), 63-65. Retrieved on February 5, 2008, from PsychINFO database.

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with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Health, 41, 23-26. Retrieved on January 25, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

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income children. Social Service Review, 79(3), 511-536. Retrieved on January 15, 2008 from PsychINFO database. Added

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diet on bulimic symptoms in adolescent girls: An experimental test of the dietary restraint theory. Health Psychology, 24(4), 402-412. Retrieved on January 16,2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

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factors for obesity onset in adolescent girls: A prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(2), 195-202. Retrieved on January 15, 2008 from PsychARTICLES database.

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treatment depression. The Journal of Family Practice, 52(3), 201-209. Retrieved on January 15, 2008 from PsychINFO database.

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Health, 75(6), 199-213. Retrieved on January 10, 2008, from MEDLINE database.

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impairs habituation in children. Health Psychology, 27(1), 10-19. Retrieved on January 17, 2008, from PsycINFO database.

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impact of nutrition policies on dietary behaviors. Journal of School Health, 76(10), 525-531. Retrieved on January 22, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

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New Delhi, Jan 17 (IANS) With pressures of studies, work and relationships, teenagers and those in their early 20’s have become very susceptible to mental illness like schizophrenia, experts say, adding that the condition is 70 percent treatable.
Around 450 million people worldwide are affected by mental, neurological or behavioral problems and the rate is steadily rising, according to NGO Sanjivini Society for Mental Health. In India alone, around 15 million suffer from severe psychological disorders, of which a large chunk is youngsters facing pressures of study and work life.

“Schizophrenia is a psycho-social disability. It is caused due to neuro-chemical imbalances in the brain. Formal thought disorder is the start of this problem. Teenagers and those in their early 20’s are the biggest victims.

“Pressures of job,studies and even relationships among youngsters is very apparent. When affected the get violent, aggressive and depressed,” said Puneet Dwevedi, a consultant psychiatrist with the Max Hospitals, at a seminar on “Understanding Mental Illness” organised by Sanjivini at the India Habitat Centre Saturday evening.

He added that hardest part in treating the condition especially in youngsters was the acceptance from the victim and family members. He said that critical verbal and non verbal comments from the family was not helpful since the person usually has no clue that he even has a problem.

“Normally people are hesitant to reach out for treatment. Since these are neuro-chemical disorders, medication plays an important role. The person tends to also show covert symptoms like emotional blunting. In these cases rehabilitation with proper care giving is essential,” Dwivedi explained.

Another mental health expert Ramesh Bijlani called such mental illness “a circumstance with a purpose not of need”.

“The family support is necessary. Denial, lack of information about the illness and misconception surrounding the disease creates a hurdle in the intervention process and complicates things. Delay in treatment can result in irrepairable damage for the patient,” said Bijlani, a psychologist and mind-body expert.

Mukul Talwar, a leading Delhi High Court lawyer dealing with mental health cases, stressed that if people hide mental health problems from the outside world, it can also cause problems in marriage or relationships.

“Mental illness can be used as grounds for annulling a marriage. But this is when the person hides his condition as it amounts to getting consent by fraud. But if the mentally ill person has revealed all, then the courts tend to favour him,” Talwar said.

Experts said what was required was the participation of the civil society and government in recognising, understanding and helping people and families afflicted by mental illness and see it as any other treatable and manageable disease and not as a stigma.

New Delhi, Jan 17 (IANS) With pressures of studies, work and relationships, teenagers and those in their early 20’s have become very susceptible to mental illness like schizophrenia, experts say, adding that the condition is 70 percent treatable.
Around 450 million people worldwide are affected by mental, neurological or behavioral problems and the rate is steadily rising, according to NGO Sanjivini Society for Mental Health. In India alone, around 15 million suffer from severe psychological disorders, of which a large chunk is youngsters facing pressures of study and work life.

“Schizophrenia is a psycho-social disability. It is caused due to neuro-chemical imbalances in the brain. Formal thought disorder is the start of this problem. Teenagers and those in their early 20’s are the biggest victims.

“Pressures of job,studies and even relationships among youngsters is very apparent. When affected the get violent, aggressive and depressed,” said Puneet Dwevedi, a consultant psychiatrist with the Max Hospitals, at a seminar on “Understanding Mental Illness” organised by Sanjivini at the India Habitat Centre Saturday evening.

He added that hardest part in treating the condition especially in youngsters was the acceptance from the victim and family members. He said that critical verbal and non verbal comments from the family was not helpful since the person usually has no clue that he even has a problem.

“Normally people are hesitant to reach out for treatment. Since these are neuro-chemical disorders, medication plays an important role. The person tends to also show covert symptoms like emotional blunting. In these cases rehabilitation with proper care giving is essential,” Dwivedi explained.

Another mental health expert Ramesh Bijlani called such mental illness “a circumstance with a purpose not of need”.

“The family support is necessary. Denial, lack of information about the illness and misconception surrounding the disease creates a hurdle in the intervention process and complicates things. Delay in treatment can result in irrepairable damage for the patient,” said Bijlani, a psychologist and mind-body expert.

Mukul Talwar, a leading Delhi High Court lawyer dealing with mental health cases, stressed that if people hide mental health problems from the outside world, it can also cause problems in marriage or relationships.

“Mental illness can be used as grounds for annulling a marriage. But this is when the person hides his condition as it amounts to getting consent by fraud. But if the mentally ill person has revealed all, then the courts tend to favour him,” Talwar said.

Experts said what was required was the participation of the civil society and government in recognising, understanding and helping people and families afflicted by mental illness and see it as any other treatable and manageable disease and not as a stigma.

Other information you can find at Online Pharmacy in Fullerton.
With everyone worrying about what sickness is going to hit big this season, one thing that is always at the top of most people's list is to avoid getting the flu. The most popular way to do this is to run out and get the flu vaccination shot. Although this is the most popular thing to do, it may not be the best for your overall health. Just like the old saying goes, would you jump off a bridge just because everyone else is doing it?

One of the biggest health concerns right now is the discovery of mercury in many things we use on a daily basis and in our children's toys. If this is such a concern, why then are people rushing out to put mercury in their systems? That's right, flu shots contain parts of mercury. Actually, flu shots contain ethylene glycol, phenol, formaldehyde, aluminum and mercury. Not sure what all that stuff is? Neither am I. So why would you want to purposely put it in your body?

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the maximum allowable daily exposure to mercury is 0.1 microgram per kilogram of body weight. The vaccine for young babies called Fluzone contains 25 micrograms of mercury per 0.5 ml dose! Is this vaccination supposed to protect or poison our children?

Let's switch our attention over to the elderly now. There is a big push for the elderly to get flu shots to protect them from getting the influenza virus. But what about the long term effects of these shots? Or even the short term effects on someone who has a suppressed immune system? If you have a disease or sickness that is already lowering your body's ability to fight a virus, and you introduce the flu virus into your body through the shot, you have just put your body in danger of getting the full effects of the flu. In the elderly, this combination of factors could lead to a dangerous and possibly horrible end. Not only could the elderly end up with the flu, but now they are even more susceptible to pneumonia and other contagious diseases.

Dr. Hugh Fudenberg conducted a 10-year study (from 1970 to 1980) to test the effects of flu vaccinations on Alzheimer's Disease. He found that if an individual has had five consecutive flu shots within this ten year span of time, their chances of getting Alzheimer's Disease was TEN TIMES higher than if they had two or less shots! When asked why this was, he concluded that it was due to the mercury and aluminum that is in every flu shot (and most childhood shots). This information was delivered at the 1997 National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) International Vaccine Conference.

A Vancouver neuroscientist named Chris Shaw has also shown a link between the aluminum hydroxide used in the flu vaccines, and symptoms associated with Parkinson's, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease).

It's important to know that there are many different strains of the influenza virus. Doctors can not predict which strain will hit each year. Because of this, the flu shot is not even a guarantee that a person will not get the flu. They say that if a person that gets the shot does end up coming down with the flu, the symptoms will not be as bad and should have fewer all together. Let me tell you, I don't get the flu shot ever. A few weeks ago I ended up getting a 24 hour strain of the flu virus. It wasn't that bad! Granted I am a younger woman, but let it run through your body. It was uncomfortable for about 12 hours, but I got over it and now my body is stronger and ready to fight anything else that comes my way.

Speaking in general, people who should not get the flu shot regardless of your beliefs in it include infants under 6 months old, anyone who is severely allergic to eggs and egg products (because some ingredients in the flu shot are grown in eggs), anyone who has ever had a severe reaction to a flu vaccination in the past, anyone with Guillain-Barré syndrome (a rare condition that affects the immune system and nerves), or anyone with a fever.

Your body is made to fight infections on its own…let it do its job naturally. Don't take the chance of something worse happening now or in the long run by introducing a harmful substance into your body.

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An Interview with Dr. Michael Greger

I was intrigued (and disturbed) by a book I just read online — www.BirdFluBook.org — by Michael Greger, M.D. about the potential of a deadly flu pandemic, the likes of which we have never seen. Greger very clearly delineates how a virus begins, mutates, and becomes dangerous. As with so many problems we are seeing lately — environmental or health — factory farmed meat seems to be a big part of the cause. A graduate of the Cornell University School of Agriculture and the Tufts University School of Medicine, Michael Greger, M.D., serves as Director of Public Health and Animal Agriculture at The Humane Society of the United States. An internationally recognized lecturer, he has presented at the Conference on World Affairs, the National Institutes of Health, and the International Bird Flu Summit, testified before Congress, and was an expert witness in defense of Oprah Winfrey at the infamous “meat defamation” trial. His recent scientific publications in American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Biosecurity and Bioterrorism, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, and the International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition, and Public Health explore the public health implications of industrialized animal agriculture.

Kathy Freston: How likely are we to have a bird or swine flu that turns into something really deadly and widespread?

Michael Greger: Unfortunately we don't know enough about the biology of these viruses to make accurate predictions, but influenza is definitely the disease to keep an eye on. AIDS has killed millions but is only fluid-borne. Malaria has killed millions but is relatively restricted to equatorial regions. Flu viruses are the only known pathogen capable of infecting literally billions of people in a matter of months. Right now we are in the midst of a flu pandemic caused by the swine-origin influenza virus H1N1. Millions of people have become infected and thousands have died, but H1N1 is not particularly virulent. There are other flu viruses that have emerged in recent decades such as the highly “pathogenic” (disease-causing) bird flu H5N1 that may have the potential to cause much greater human harm.

KF: What kind of damage could it do in terms of population mortality?

MG: Currently H5N1 kills approximately 60% of those it infects, so you don't even get a coin toss chance of survival. That's a mortality rate on par with some strains of Ebola. Thankfully, only a few hundred people have become infected. Should a virus like H5N1 trigger a pandemic, though, the results could be catastrophic. During a pandemic as many as 2 or 3 billion people can become infected. A 60% mortality rate is simply unimaginable. Unfortunately, it's not as far-fetched as it sounds. Both China and Indonesia have reported sporadic outbreaks of the H5N1 bird flu in pigs and sporadic outbreaks of the new pandemic virus H1N1 in pigs as well. Should a pig become co-infected with both strains, a hybrid mutant could theoretically arise with human transmissibility of swine flu and the human lethality of bird flu. That's the kind of nightmare scenario that keeps virologists up at night.

KF: How does a virus like that kill? What does it do to the body?

MG: Most often it starts with standard flu-like symptoms–fever, cough, and muscle aches. Instead of just infecting the respiratory tract, though, H5N1 may spread throughout the body and infect the brain, for example, leaving victims in a coma. Other early symptoms atypical of regular seasonal flu include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, chest pain, and bleeding from the nose and gums. Death is usually from acute fulminant respiratory distress, in which one basically drowns in one's own blood-tinted respiratory secretions.

Most of the damage is actually done by one's own immune system. H5N1 seems to trigger a “cytokine storm,” an overexuberant immune reaction to the virus. These cytokine chemical messengers set off such a massive inflammatory reaction that on autopsy the lungs of victims may be virus-free, meaning that your body wins, but in burning down the village in order to save it you may not live through the process. In fact the reason why young people may be so vulnerable is because they have the strongest immune systems, and it's one's immune system that may kill you.

KF: How easy is it to contract the virus once it's in full swing?

MG: Catching a pandemic flu virus is essentially as easy as catching the regular seasonal flu. During a flu pandemic about 1 in 5 people may fall ill, but there are certainly ways to minimize one's risk via hand-washing and social distancing techniques. In a really severe pandemic, though, the advice would be to “shelter-in-place,” isolating oneself and one's family in one's home until the danger passes. During such a pandemic the Department of Homeland Security uses as a key planning assumption that the American population would be asked to self-quarantine for up to 90 days per wave of the pandemic.

KF: Why do we have this potential disaster on our hands?

MG: The industrialization of the chicken and pork industries is thought to have wrought these unprecedented changes in avian and swine influenza. No one even got sick from bird flu for eight decades before a new strain, H5N1, started killing children in 1997. Likewise, in pigs here in the U.S. swine flu was totally stable for 8 decades before a pig-bird-human hybrid mutant virus appeared in commercial pig populations in 1998. It was that strain that combined with a Eurasian swine flu virus ten years later to spawn the flu pandemic of 2009, sickening millions of young people around the world.

The first hybrid mutant swine flu virus discovered in the United States was at a factory farm in North Carolina in which thousands of pregnant sows were confined in “gestation crates,” veal crate-like metal stalls barely larger than their bodies. These kind of stressful, filthy, overcrowded conditions can provide a breeding ground for the emergence and spread of new diseases.

So far, only thousands of people have died from swine flu. Unless we radically change the way chickens and pigs are raised for food, though, it may only be a matter of time before a catastrophic pandemic arises.

KF: If factory farms are to blame, why have there been plagues and flu's throughout time, when factory farms were not around?

MG: Before the domestication of birds about 2,500 years ago, human influenza likely didn't even exist. Similarly, before the domestication of livestock there was no measles, small pox, and many other diseases that have plagued humanity since they were born in the barnyard about 10,000 years ago. Once diseases jump the species barrier from the animal kingdom, they can spread independently throughout human populations with often tragic consequences.

The worst plague in human history was the 1918 flu pandemic triggered by a bird flu virus that went on to kill upwards of 50 million people. The crowded, stressful, unhygienic trench warfare conditions during World War I that led to the emergence of the 1918 virus are replicated today in nearly every industrial chicken shed and egg operation. Instead of millions of vulnerable hosts to evolve within back then, we now have billions of chickens intensively confined in factory farms, arguably the Perfect Storm environment for the emergence and spread of hypervirulent, so-called “predator-type” viruses like H5N1. The 1918 virus killed about 2.5% of the people it infected, 20 times deadlier than the seasonal flu. H5N1 is now killing 60% of infected people, 20 times deadlier than the 1918 virus. So if a virus like 1918 gained easy human transmissibility, it could make the 1918 pandemic–the deadliest plague ever–look like the regular flu.

KF: Does handling or eating chicken or pork increase the chances of contracting the virus?

MG: There are certainly lots of viruses people can pick up from handling fresh meat, such as those that cause unpleasant conditions like contagious pustular dermatitis and a well-defined medical condition known as “butcher's warts.” Even the wives of butchers appear to be at higher risk for cervical cancer, a cancer definitively associated with wart virus exposure. Cooking can destroy the flu virus, but the same can be said for all the bugs that sicken 76 million Americans a year. The problem is that people can cross-contaminate kitchen surfaces with fresh or frozen meat before pathogens have been cooked to death. There have been a number of cases of human influenza linked to the consumption of poultry products, but it's not clear whether swine flu viruses get into the meat. Regardless, the primary risk is not in the meat, but how meat is produced. Once a new disease is spawned from factory farm conditions it may be able spread person to person, and at that point animals–live or dead–may be out of the picture.

KF: How do we stave off this viral apocalypse?

MG: We need to give these animals more breathing room. The Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production, which included a former U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, concluded that industrialized animal agriculture posed “unacceptable” public health risks and called for gestation crates for pigs to be banned as they're already doing in Europe, noting that “ractices that restrict natural motion, such as sow gestation crates, induce high levels of stress in the animals and threaten their health, which in turn may threaten human health.”

Studies have shown that measures as simple as providing straw for pigs so they don't have the immune-crippling stress of living on bare concrete their whole lives can significantly cut down on swine flu transmission rates. Such a minimal act–providing straw–yet we often deny these animals even this modicum of mercy, both to their detriment and, potentially, to ours as well.

The American Public Health Association, the largest organization of public health professionals in the world, has called for a moratorium on factory farms. In fact the APHA journal, the American Journal of Public Health, published an editorial going beyond just calling for an end to factory farms. It questioned the prudence of raising so many animals in the first place: “It is curious…that changing the way humans treat animals–most basically, ceasing to eat them or, at the very least, radically limiting the quantity of them that are eaten–is largely off the radar as a significant preventive measure. Such a change, if sufficiently adopted or imposed, could still reduce the chances of the much-feared influenza epidemic. It would be even more likely to prevent unknown future diseases that, in the absence of this change, may result from farming animals intensively and from killing them for food. Yet humanity does not consider this option….Those who consume animals not only harm those animals and endanger themselves, but they also threaten the well-being of other humans who currently or will later inhabit the planet….t is time for humans to remove their heads from the sand and recognize the risk to themselves that can arise from their maltreatment of other species.”

KF: That is a pretty stunning statement! I know people will wonder….”If we give up animal protein, will our immune system be compromised… or will it be enhanced?”

MG: We've known for 20 years that the immune function of those eating vegetarian may be superior to those eating meat. First published in 1989, researchers at the German Cancer Research Center found that although vegetarians had the same number of disease-fighting white blood cells compared to meat eaters, the immune cells of vegetarians were twice as effective in destroying their targets–not only cancer cells, but virus-infected cells as well. So a more plant-based diet may protect both now and in the future against animal-borne diseases like pandemic influenza.

KF: This has been a real awakening. For more information on how to move toward a plant-based, vegan diet, check out my guide to conscious eating on HuffPost.

National Influenza Vaccination Week is coming to a close. It was a great week. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and its partners announced a number of new initiatives and held events across the country designed to spread the word about the importance of getting the H1N1 flu vaccine.

The fact is that flu season is unpredictable and we don’t know whether there will be additional waves of flu illness. H1N1 is still circulating, it’s still dangerous, and there are still lives to be saved. That’s why it’s so critical for everyone to get vaccinated.

And we need your help. So, today, I am challenging you to become a “Flu Fighter” on Facebook.

Earlier this week, we launched a new Facebook application called “I’m a Flu Fighter.” This application allows users to select a Flu Fighting character and tell their friends that they received the flu vaccination and urge others to do the same. Users can also learn more about the flu vaccine and use the vaccine locator to find a clinic nearby where they can get vaccinated.

People often rely on the advice of close friends and family when it comes to personal matters of health. Through emerging social media tools like Facebook, we can share updates with our friends and family and promote positive health behaviors. This application gives people a fun way to encourage friends and family to get vaccinated. Getting vaccinated is the best way to protect yourself, and as a Flu Fighter, you are also helping to protect the people around you.  It’s also particularly important right now, since we’re only at the beginning of the ordinary flu season.

If one person tells 5 friends, and they tell 5 friends each, and each of those friends tells another 5 friends, that is already 156 people. Imagine how many people we could encourage to get vaccinated if we each told just 5 friends — or, even better, all of our Facebook friends. Together we can be Flu Fighters, and protect our families, friends, and communities from the flu, one vaccination at a time.

Become a Flu Fighter by trying out the application, and visit our Facebook page to become a fan of fighting the flu.

Kathleen Sebelius is Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services.

Update: The application was developed through the HealthySocial research project at Children’s Hospital Boston in collaboration with HHS.

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Age spots are skin discolorations, flat or convex, which appear over time. A very common age spot is called a seborrheic keratosis (SK). SKs are found on the face, neck, trunk, arms and legs. Size varies from a few mm in diameter or 10 mm or more. They may be white, tan, black or match the surrounding skin.

SKs appear to be “stuck on” the skin. In fact, some SKs can be peeled off the skin without bleeding. SKs readily respond by disappearing after freezing treatments with liquid nitrogen. Sebum is an oily secretion of glands around hair shafts and bulbs, and pores. Production of sebum, incorporated into cell build-ups forming an SK, make it appear greasy, with plugged pores and varying pigmentation.

On forearm surfaces with extra UV irradiation thins the skin, allowing pigmented lesions known as “liver spots”to form after microscopic bleeding into the skin caused by minor trauma.

Another pigmented skin lesion is the actinic keratosis (AK), which is induced by UV skin injury. AKs are most often seen on the face, ears, neck, and upper chest and forearms and especially the tops of the hands. Rubbing them lightly feels like sandpaper. Successful treatment is available.

Melanoma is a pigmented skin lesion, demanding rapid diagnosis and treatment. Basal cell skin cancers are found in skin earlier exposed to UV rays especially around the nose, eyes, and lips. They are usually pearly in appearance, and rarely pigmented. Mohs surgery is required for cure. Squamous cell skin cancer comes from UV ray injury. It is often red, on the face, neck, arms, or trunk.

Exposure to sun rays in the formative years of life brings damage to sensitive cells by ultraviolet irradiation, clipping DNA strands, later neoplasms escape the waning immune system of the aging body.

Fair-skinned people are most vulnerable. Prevention here too outweighs cure.

Use solar-protective clothing, sunscreen, and caution going out between 10 A.M. and 4 P.M. in spring, summer and fall.

I am fair-skinned, living at 40o N. latitude, central North America, and use Aveeno sunscreen SPF 70 on sun-exposed areas, when engaging in outdoor work from late spring through early fall.

These preventive measures will help lower your risk for skin cancer, and reduce actinic lines and wrinkles.

References: this article was written totally out of my head–I have not studied dermatology for over 2 years and relied on clinical and didactic facts accumulated in over 30 years studying and practicing medicine. I would not know where to begin in listing the citations of my learning experiences concerning dermatology, but I did not use a text or report, printed or electronic, in writing this piece.

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Journal of the National Cancer Institute

Fewer left-sided colorectal tumors observed after colonoscopies

The prevalence of left-sided advanced colorectal neoplasms was lower in participants in a community setting, but not right-sided advanced neoplams, who had received a colonoscopy in the preceding 10 years, according to a new study published online December 30 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

Effectiveness of colonoscopy in preventing colorectal cancer has been studied, but evidence from community settings is sparse, especially with respect to anatomical site.

To study this, Hermann Brenner, M.D., MPH, of the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, in Heidelberg, Germany, and colleagues conducted a cross-sectional study among 3,287 participants of screening colonoscopy aged 55 years or older from the state of Saarland between May 2005 and December 2007. Previous colonoscopy history was obtained by standardized questionnaire, and its association with prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasms was estimated.

Advanced colorectal neoplasms were detected in 308 (11.4%) of the 2,701 participants with no previous colonoscopy compared with 36 (6.1%) of the 586 participants who had undergone colonoscopy within the preceding 10 years. Prevalence of left-sided advanced colorectal neoplasms, but not right-sided advanced neoplasms, was substantially lower within a 10-year period after colonoscopy in this community setting.

“Although a strong protective effect of colonoscopy from colorectal neoplasms has been established through previous studies, our results add to the evidence that this effect is much stronger in, if not confined to, the left colon and rectum, at least in the community setting,” the authors write.

In an accompanying editorial, Nancy N. Baxter, M.D., Ph.D., of the Division of General Surgery at St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, and Linda Rabeneck, M.D., MPH, of the Department of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation at the University of Toronto and Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto, note that these results are an important contribution to the growing body of literature of colonoscopy effectiveness research but still leave questions about the incremental benefits of screening colonoscopy. The editorialists point to some of the limitations of the literature.

“Simply put, is the effectiveness of colonoscopy 'good enough' for population-based screening?” they write. “As more observational evidence accumulates, the answer to this question becomes less certain.”

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Weight training will one day become the greatest force in existence and it may be hailed as the activity that actually saved civilization from itself.

Technology tries to seduce us into inactivity and complacency. The personal computer is now as ubiquitous as the most mundane household appliance, and many individuals now supplement their television viewing with hours spent surfing the internet, performing an endless series of reps using only their index finger on a keyboard or mouse.

Such activities may exercise the mind, but they ignore the body, and the long term implications of such neglect could be catastrophic. Heart disease, arthritis, back pain, bone deterioration – all these thrive in the absence of exercise. And if the individual costs are alarming, the potential costs to societies and governments are mind boggling. Health care systems around the world stagger under the weight of increased demand and shrinking resources, and the persistence of present trends could lead to collapse.

Most ominous of all, children, teens and young adults are increasingly at risk. Many American children are already developing risk factors for heart disease later in life. Other groups are forming unhealthy habits at an alarming rate as well. For example, white teenage girls have a high smoking rate. Parents and educators need to encourage youngsters to exercise more, eat less junk food and stop smoking.

For our children to realize their potential, they must keep their bodies as finely tuned as their minds. One feeds off the other. A good weight training regimen, consistently followed, may build mental acuity as effectively as it builds muscle, strength and endurance. Its benefits are universal, cutting across all cultural, racial, and socio-economic barriers.

It seems like we're all in a rush to keep deadlines and achieve goals. We're even in a hurry to relax: Hence the struggle to balance living life to the maximum and stopping to smell the roses. Too many people are merely doing time. Regular weight training athletes are the living, breathing, inspirational examples of the benefits of the super fitness lifestyle. Weight training is the key to a great physique, a strong mind, fitness and longevity

For young and old alike, the prescription for a healthy, fit lifestyle has the same ingredients it had 100 years ago. Consistent exercise, including weight training, proper nutrition, active rest and recovery, and participation in sport, all work together to maintain a healthy body and mind. Aerobic exercise, while essential can't do it alone. Nor can playing an individual sport provide balanced development. Only regular weight training, performed with progressively greater intensity and combined with regular aerobics, can unlock the door to a better, stronger, healthier body for all.